Enforcement of public policies is an important concern of most countries, especially developing countries. Weakness of horizontal policy management and lack of coordination in enforcing these policies are obstacles to achieving this purpose. The article emphasizes on the increasing role of horizontal coordination in Iran and other countries in the areas of accountability and good governance in government. Religious and national values, including consultation in matters, promotion of good and prevention of evil, and roles of justice and equity in Iranian Islamic society support this theory. Lacking a native Iranian-Islamic model of management and resistance of the state management system to fundamental changes are recognized as important obstacles to horizontal coordination. The article also emphasizes on coordination between policy-making bodies in the national level, including the executive, judiciary and legislature, in order to achieving horizontal coordination. Using administrative automation for making administrative systems transparent and attempting to operationalize morals and honesty and hard work based on religious values and national culture are suggested as strategies for strengthening horizontal coordination within state.

Background and Aim: Using intra cranial reference lines is inherently unreliable for assessment of anterior-posterior jaw relationships. However, they are being widely used for cephalometric evaluation and diagnosis and treatment planning of orthodontic patient. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation of the TH/AB and TH-Wits to the common horizontal and vertical analyses. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional descriptive study was conducted with 40 adults (20 male, 20 female) who were between 18-24 years-old and had no history of craniofacial disorders. Lateral cephalometries were taken for all patients, using Natural Head Position (NHP). All the cephalograms were taken by the same radiologist and were traced by same person. Two orthodontists approved the results and the kappa statistics was calculated to determin intra-examiner agreement level. Pearson correlation coefficient value was determined between TH-Wits, TH/AB and horizontal parameters (Wits, Harvold, Wylie, APP-BPP, and ANB angle) and vertical parameters (Sn-GoGn, S-Go/N-Gn, TH-GoGn and sum of posterior angles). The correlation analysis was used in order to determine the relationship between these parameters. Results: The results revealed that the highest correlation in horizontal direction was observed between TH-Wits, TH/AB; and ANB (0.73) and APP-BPP (0.68 & 0.61). In vertical direction, the highest correlation was demonstrated between TH-Wits, TH/AB; and sum of posterior angles (0.75 & 0.35). Conclusion: In using TH-Wits and TH/AB, the effect of changes in vertical dimension and the lack of significant correlation between these parameters and linear horizontal analysis should be considered.

The weakness of achieving national goals is the concern of many developing countries. The origin of this concern is the weakness of "horizontal government", it means, there is not enough horizontal coordination among all organization that exercise national governance. One of the important influences on horizontal government is the attitudes and perceptions of governing elites. This paper focuses on elite members' perceptions of barriers to coordinate public policies. Using Q-methodology for studing public administrators, programming elites, politicians and academics attitudes about barriers to horizontal government in Iran. After reviewing the present concourse, by using two round Delphi technique the Q-sample was selected. This sample divided to four groups (structural barriers, behavioral barriers, managerial barriers and programming barriers). This sample analysized and seven distinct patterns of attitudes revealed, these patterns show the most important discourses about the ways of coordinating public policies. The authors labeled these patterns as: goal- orientation, unification- orientation, policy- orientation, stability- orientation, equilibrium- orientation, performance- orientation and architecture-orientation. The seven conceptions are examined in more details and are intrepreted based on existing theories in the final section of this paper.

When two fluids with different physical properties, such as air and water, flow in a pipe, different flow patterns may occur. Flow pattern includes the distribution of each phase in respect to the other. In other words, the main property of two-phase flow is the shape of the interface between two fluids, which is due to the physical and hydraulic properties of fluids and flow. The behavior of the flow very much depends on its phase and, hence, very important to verify, which should be done experimentally. An experimental investigation has been carried out to verify different probable flow patterns in long water tunnels and conduits, based on dimensional analysis. Applying dimensional analysis, the most effective dimensionless parameters on flow patterns were found and different flow pattern maps were introduced to find the flow regime for given hydraulic properties. It has been shown that among dimensionless parameters, pipe slope, void fraction and Froude number have the most significant effect on a two-phase flow interface.

Providing an appropriate definition of a horizontal subbundle of a Lie algebroid will lead to construction of a better framework on Lie algebriods. In this paper, we give a new and natural definition of a horizontal subbundle using the prolongation of a Lie algebroid and then we show that any linear connection on a Lie algebroid generates a horizontal subbundle and vice versa. The same correspondence will be proved for any covariant derivative on a Lie algebroid.

A mathematical model is described which has been developed to analyse flow through a restructured soil during leaching with the Horizontal Leaching Technique. This new technique has been developed through field work in Turkey and Jamaica. The proposed model was based on field data compiled in Jamaica and it reveals that leaching will be much more effective in the upper more permeable horizons of the soil than it will be in the less permeable deeper layers. The model indicates that management of ponding on the surface of. the field can be achieved by controlling the rate of water application. Increasing the distance to the installed drainage system will increase the amount of salt that has to be leached and also reduce the rate of flow through the soil to the drain.

The aim of this paper is to propose a mathematical model for investigating the effective factors on inter and intera organization cooperation amongst related firms in transit of Iran.This model is composed of eight stage conceptual variables such as cost, time, physical distance, route capacity, training, cooperation of related firmsin transit, marketing and rules. Therefore, a population of 70 members is studied and 58 persons helped in collecting data. The required data are collected using interviews and filling questionnaires with 89% reliability. Then, the regression model is obtained using data gathered from questionnaires and interviews with alfa Cronbach and correlation statistical tests via SPSS software. The results show statistically significant relationship between the 8 independent variables and dependent variables (related firms in transit). Meanwhile, the effectiveness of variables physical distance, route capacity and rules not verified. A comprehensive discussion is followed by the results to clarify different aspects of the study. Also, some future study points are stated.